Professor & Head, Department of Pathology, North East Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Lecturer, Department of Pathology, North East Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Abstract
Lung lesions are a significant health concern, encompassing a wide spectrum of both malignant and non-malignant conditions. This hospital-based retrospective study aimed to evaluate the pathological patterns of lung lesions. Conducted from January 2022 to December 2022, the study included 146 patients selected through purposive sampling. CT-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed for diagnostic assessment. Among the participants, 79.45% were male and 20.55% female. Malignant lesions were predominant, comprising 72.6% of all cases. Squamous cell carcinoma emerged as the most common malignancy (50.94%), followed by adenocarcinoma (28.3%) and small cell carcinoma (17.93%). The age group most affected by malignancy was 61–70 years. Non-malignant lesions accounted for 27.4% of cases, with inflammatory lesions being the most frequent (40%), followed by tuberculosis (32.5%). Other benign pathologies made up the remaining proportion. These findings highlight a high prevalence of lung malignancies, particularly among the elderly. The predominance of squamous cell carcinoma suggests potential links to smoking and environmental exposures. Meanwhile, the presence of inflammatory and tubercular lesions underlines the importance of comprehensive diagnostic approaches. This study underscores the value of early detection and a multidisciplinary strategy to manage diverse lung pathologies effectively.